Unicode & Encodings

Encodings

ASCII. Points are encoded with 1B (fixed length) Out of 128, only 95 are printable.
UTF-8 extends ASCII. Points are encoded with one or four 1B code units (variable length). Dominant encoding, ASCII characters keep original encoding. better for Latin vs. CJK for which UTF-16 is preferable.
UTF-16 extends ASCII. It is fixed-length. Points are encoded with one or two 2B code units (variable length). It is good for CJK but tends to be bloated for English text, for which UTF-16 is the preferable alternative.
UTF-32 extends ASCII. Points are encoded with four 4B code units. The advantage is being fixed-length, at the cost of a large size vs. equivalent UTF-8 and UTF-16 versions.

ASCII (1977/1986)
NUL	SOH	STX	ETX	EOT	ENQ	ACK	BEL	BS	HT	LF	VT	FF	CR	SO	SI
DLE	DC1	DC2	DC3	DC4	NAK	SYN	ETB	CAN	EM	SUB	ESC	FS	GS	RS	US
SP	!	"	#	$	%	&	'	(	)	*	+	,	-	.	/
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	:	;	<	=	>	?
@	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O
P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	[	\	]	^	_
`	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o
p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z	{	\|	}	~	DEL

Constructions, Planes.

A unicode position is given with six hexadecimal characters, for example: 000000. A position in a table, assigned to a character, is called a Code point. The first two hex. characters gives the plane, the remaining four give the position within. Contiguous points form blocks of variable cardinality. There are 17 possible planes, but only 7 assigned. Since there are 256 possible combinations from two hex. characters, note:

The first 16 are from 00 to 0F.
The 17th is at 10.
all other are invalid.

Each Plane has an address space of four remaning hexadecimals. This represents 65536 addresses. None are full. The 3rd Plane Supplementary Ideographic has 60866 assigned points, 92% of the capacity, the fullest.

	Abbr.	Plane Name	Blocks	Points
00	BMP	Basic Multilingual	163	55503
01	SMP	Suppl. Multilingual	134	22279
02	SIP	Suppl. Ideographic	6	60866
03	TIP	-	1	4939
0E	SSP	Suppl. Special-Purpose	2	337
0F	PUA-A	Suppl. Private Use Area	1	0
10	PUA-B	Suppl. Private Use Area	1	0

NUL	SOH	STX	ETX	EOT	ENQ	ACK	BEL	BS	HT	LF	VT	FF	CR	SO	SI
DLE	DC1	DC2	DC3	DC4	NAK	SYN	ETB	CAN	EM	SUB	ESC	FS	GS	RS	US
SP	!	"	#	$	%	&	'	(	)	*	+	,	-	.	/
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	:	;	<	=	>	?
@	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O
P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	[	\	]	^	_
`	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o
p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z	{	\|	}	~	DEL

NUL	SOH	STX	ETX	EOT	ENQ	ACK	BEL	BS	HT	LF	VT	FF	CR	SO	SI
DLE	DC1	DC2	DC3	DC4	NAK	SYN	ETB	CAN	EM	SUB	ESC	FS	GS	RS	US
SP	!	"	#	$	%	&	'	(	)	*	+	,	-	.	/
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	:	;	<	=	>	?
@	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O
P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	[	\	]	^	_
`	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o
p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z	{	\|	}	~	DEL

NUL	SOH	STX	ETX	EOT	ENQ	ACK	BEL	BS	HT	LF	VT	FF	CR	SO	SI
DLE	DC1	DC2	DC3	DC4	NAK	SYN	ETB	CAN	EM	SUB	ESC	FS	GS	RS	US
SP	!	"	#	$	%	&	'	(	)	*	+	,	-	.	/
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	:	;	<	=	>	?
@	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O
P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	[	\	]	^	_
`	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o
p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z	{	\|	}	~	DEL